Latinx Education Attainment and Enrollment Rates (2012-2020) Using the American Community Survey (ACS) Census Data
Paula Nazario, MPP Student at the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs
June 3, 2022
Research Questions
- How has the educational attainment rates for Latinx students changed in the past 8 years (e.g., 2012-2020) in areas that are highly populated by Latinx communities?
- How has the educational attainment for Latinx students changed in the past 8 years (e.g., 2012-2020) at the state level?
- How has the educational attainment for Latinx students changed in the past 8 years (e.g., 2012-2020) at the metropolitan level?
- How has the educational attainment for Latinx students changed in the past 8 years (e.g., 2012-2020) at the county level?
- How has the educational enrollment rates for Latinx students changed in the past 8 years (e.g., 2012-2020) in areas that are highly populated by Latinx communities?
- How has the educational enrollment for Latinx students changed in the past 8 years (e.g., 2012-2020) at the state level?
- How has the educational enrollment for Latinx students changed in the past 8 years (e.g., 2012-2020) at the metropolitan level?
- How has the educational enrollment for Latinx students changed in the past 8 years (e.g., 2012-2020) at the county level?
Latinx Student Educational Outcomes
[BACKGROUND HERE; NEED ASSISTANCE INCLUDING CITATIONS HERE]
LATINX EDUCATION ATTAINMENT BY GENDER (2012-2020)
ACS1 - Latinx Education Attainment Rates in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
I used the ACS 1-year and ACS 5-year level data to determine the educational attainment rates of Latinx students between 2012 and 2020 in the following states: California, Texas, Florida, and New York. All of these states have seen an increase in the Latinx population since 2010. Therefore, I want to generate line graphs of the educational attainment rates of Latinxs in each state individually and then compare them against each other to analyze any patterns in the educational rates of each state.
Figure 1: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
In Figure 1, we can see the Latinx Education Attainment Rates for California, Florida, New York, and Texas between 2012-2020. In these graphs we can see that among the four states, there is a higher percentage of Latinx students obtaining bachelor’s degrees or higher in Florida, followed by New York, Texas and California and in all states more Latina women are obtaining these degrees. Among the four states, California has the most Latinx students obtaining less than high school diplomas, with a higher percentage of Latino males obtaining these diplomas.
ACS1 - Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area; New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area; Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area; Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area; and Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
I used the ACS 1-year level data to determine the educational attainment rates of Latinx between 2012 and 2020 in the metropolitan areas with the highest Latinx populations, which include: Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA; New York-Northeastern, NJ; Miami-Hialeah, FL; Washington, DC/MD/VA; and Providence-Fall River~Pawtucket, MA/RI
Figure 2: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 2, we can see the Latinx educational attainment rates for students in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California Metro Area between 2012-2020. In this line graph, we can see that there is an upward trend in the percentage of Latinx students obtaining bachelor’s degrees or higher degrees. When comparing Latina female and Latino male students, we can see that more Latina female students are earning bachelor’s degrees or higher than Latino male students. On the other hand, it seems that more Latino male students are earning high school diplomas in comparison to Latina female students.
Figure 3: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 3, we can see the Latinx Education Attainment Rates in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area between 2012-2020. We can see that there is a downward trend in the percentage of Latinx students who are obtaining less than a high school diploma. In terms of the attainment of bachelor’s degrees, there seems to be a drastic increase in these degrees after 2016 and from there it continues to increase. Also, Latina females obtained a higher percentage of bachelor degrees or higher in comparison to Latino males.
Figure 4: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 4, we can see the Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area between 2012-2020. In this graph, we can see that there is an upward trend in the amount of Latinx students who obtain bachelor’s degrees or higher and downward trend in the number of Latinx students who obtained less than a high school diploma. Again, it seems that Latina female students are earning more degrees than Latino male students.
Figure 5: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 5, we can see the Latinx education attainment rates in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area between 2012-2020. In this line graph, we can see that a higher percentage of Latinx students are obtaining less than a high school diploma, followed by bachelor’s degrees or higher, high school diploma, and some college or associate’s degree.
Figure 6: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 6, we can see the Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area between 2012-2020. In this line graph we can see that among all of the education rates, there was a spike in the percentage of Latinx high school graduates between 2016 and 2018. Also, there were more Latino males who graduated high school and earned a high school diploma than Latina women. After 2018, there was a decrease in the percentage of Latinx students who earned a high school diploma.
ACS1 - Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
Figure 7: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Bexar County, Texas; Cook County, Illinois; Los Angeles County, California; Maricopa County, Arizona; Orange County, California; Riverside County, California; San Bernardino County, California; San Diego County, California (2012-2020)
In Figure 7, I created line graphs for the educational attainment rates of Latinx in the counties that are most populated by Latinx communities. As seen in Figure 7, we can see that there is an overall trend in all the counties, in which the percent of bachelor’s degrees attained were low for Latina female and Latino male students in comparison to the attainment of a high school diploma, less than a high school diploma, and some college or associate’s degree.
ACS1 - Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Los Angeles County (2012-2020)
Figure 8: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Los Angeles County, California (2012-2020)
In Figure 8, we can see more closely the Latinx education attainment rates in the Los Angeles County, California. In this line graph, we can see that the educational attainment rates of Latinx remain low for the attainment of a bachelor’s degree or higher, followed by some college or associate’s degree, high school diploma, and less than a high school diploma. From this line graph, we can see that Latinx students in Los Angeles County, California between 2012-2020 have not earned many bachelor’s degrees or higher degrees and have earned less than a high school diploma. Still, it seems that between 2012-2020, there has been an upward trend in the number of Latinx students attaining bachelor’s degrees or higher degrees and the number of Latinx students attaining less than a high school diploma has been steadily decreasing.
ACS5 - Latinx Education Attainment Rates in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
Figure 9: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in California, Texas, Florida and New York States (2012-2020)
In Figure 9, we can see the Latinx Education Attainment Rates for California, Florida, New York, and Texas between 2012-2020 using the ACS 5-year level data. Again, the line graphs seem to reflect the same trends as the previous line graph in Figure 8.
ACS5 - Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area; New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area; Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area; Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area; and Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
Figure 10: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 10,
Figure 11: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 11,
Figure 12: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 12,
Figure 13: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 13,
Figure 14: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 14,
ACS5 - Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA, Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
Figure 15: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA, Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
In Figure 15,
ACS5 - Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA (2012-2020)
Figure 16: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Attainment Rates in Los Angeles County, California (2012-2020)
In Figure 16,
LATINX ENROLLNMENT IN NURSERY SCHOOL, K-12, COLLEGE/UNIVERSITIES, AND GRADUATE OR PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL (2012-2020)
ACS1 - Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
Figure 17: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
In Figure ??,
ACS1 - Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area; New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area; Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area; Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area; and Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
Figure 18: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 18,
Figure 19: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 19,
Figure 20: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 20,
Figure 21: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 21,
Figure 22: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 22,
ACS1 - Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA, Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
Figure 23: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA, Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
In Figure 23,
ACS1 - Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA (2012-2020)
Figure 24: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA (2012-2020)
In Figure 24,
ACS5 - Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
Figure 25: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
In Figure 25,
ACS5 - Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area; New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area; Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area; Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area; and Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
Figure 26: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 26,
Figure 27: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 27,
Figure 28: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 28,
Figure 29: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 29,
Figure 30: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 30,
ACS5 - Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA, Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
Figure 31: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA, Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
In Figure 31,
ACS5 - Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County (2012-2020)
Figure 32: ACS 5-Year Level Data: Latinx Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA (2012-2020)
In Figure 32,
ENROLLMENT RATES IN NURSERY SCHOOL BY RACE/ETHNICITY (2012-2020)
ACS1 - Education Enrollment Rates in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
Figure 33: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Nursery School Enrollment Rates in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
In Figure 33,
ACS1 - Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area; New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area; Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area; Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area; and Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
Figure 34: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Nursery School Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 34,
Figure 35: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Nursery School Enrollment Rates in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 35,
Figure 36: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Nursery School Enrollment Rates in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 36,
Figure 37: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Nursery School Enrollment Rates in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 37,
Figure 38: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Nursery School Enrollment Rates in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 38,
ACS1 - Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA, Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
Figure 39: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Nursery School Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA, Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
In Figure 39,
ACS1 - Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA (2012-2020)
Figure 40: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Nursery School Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA (2012-2020)
In Figure 40,
ENROLLMENT RATES IN COLLEGE/UNIVERSITIES BY RACE/ETHNICITY (2012-2020)
ACS1 - Education Enrollment Rates in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
Figure 41: ACS 1-Year Level Data: College/University Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
In Figure 41,
ACS1 - Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area; New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area; Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area; Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area; and Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
Figure 42: ACS 1-Year Level Data: College/University Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 42,
Figure 43: ACS 1-Year Level Data: College/University Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 43,
Figure 44: ACS 1-Year Level Data: College/University Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 44,
Figure 45: ACS 1-Year Level Data: College/University Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 45,
Figure 46: ACS 1-Year Level Data: College/University Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 46,
ACS1 - Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA, Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
Figure 47: ACS 1-Year Level Data: College/University Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in Los Angeles County, CA, Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
In Figure 47,
ACS1 - Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County (2012-2020)
Figure 48: ACS 1-Year Level Data: College/University Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in Los Angeles County, CA (2012-2020)
In Figure 48,
ENROLLMENT RATES IN GRADUATE OR PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL BY RACE/ETHNICITY (2012-2020)
ACS1 - Education Enrollment Rates in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
Figure 49: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Graduate or Professional School Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in California, Texas, Florida, and New York States (2012-2020)
In Figure 49,
ACS1 - Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area; New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area; Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area; Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area; and Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
Figure 50: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Graduate or Professional School Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 50,
Figure 51: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Graduate or Professional School Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 51,
Figure 52: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Graduate or Professional School Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 52,
Figure 53: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Graduate or Professional School Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 53,
Figure 54: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Graduate or Professional School Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area (2012-2020)
In Figure 54,
ACS1 - Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County, CA, Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
Figure 55: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Graduate or Professional School Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in Los Angeles County, CA, Cook County, IL, Maricopa County, AZ, Orange County, CA, Bexar County, TX, Riverside County, CA, San Bernardino County, CA, and San Diego County, CA (2012-2020)
In Figure 55,
ACS1 - Education Enrollment Rates in Los Angeles County (2012-2020)
Figure 56: ACS 1-Year Level Data: Graduate or Professional School Enrollment Rates By Race/Ethnicity in Los Angeles County, CA (2012-2020)
In Figure 56,